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Caprine meaning12/9/2023 ![]() ![]() In one case it was shown that a severe form of orf virus caused an outbreak involving the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, as well as the buccal cavity, cheeks, tongue and lips. It has also been reported a number of times to cause lesions in the rumen. In rare cases, mostly involving young lambs, lesions are found on the tongue, gums, roof of the mouth and the oesophagus. In some cases the lesions appear on and in the nostrils, around the eyes, on the thigh, coronet, vulva, udder, and axilla. In sheep and goats, the lesions mostly appear on or near the hairline and elsewhere on the lips and muzzle. A sheep with orf infection on nose and lipsĪ live virus vaccine ( ATCvet code: QI04AD01 ( WHO)) is made from scab material and usually given to ewes at the age of two months, but only to lambs when there is an outbreak. Occasionally the infection can be extensive and persistent if the animal does not produce an immune response. Orf in the mouths of lambs may prevent suckling and cause weight loss, and can infect the udder of the mother ewe, thus potentially leading to mastitis. ![]() The lesions progress to thick crusts which may bleed. Symptoms include papules and pustules on the lips and muzzle, and less commonly in the mouth of young lambs and on the eyelids, feet, and teats of ewes. In some environments, infection is injected by scratches from thistles of both growing and felled plants. Orf is spread by fomites and direct contact. It has been recorded since the late 19th century and has been reported from most sheep-or goat-raising areas, including those in Europe, the Middle East, the United States, Africa, Asia, South America, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Orf is primarily a disease of sheep and goats although it has been reported as a natural disease in humans, steenbok and alpacas, chamois and tahrs, reindeer, musk oxen, dogs, cats, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, dall sheep, and red squirrels. The virus can survive in the soil for at least six months. Serious damage may be inflicted on the eye if it is infected by orf, even among healthy individuals. One percent topical cidofovir has been successfully used in a few patients with progressive disease. While orf is usually a benign self-limiting illness which resolves in 3-6 weeks, in the immunocompromised it can be very progressive and even life-threatening. It may appear similar to cowpox and pseudocowpox. ![]() Consequently, it is important to observe good personal hygiene and to wear gloves when treating infected animals. Infected locations can include the finger, hand, arm, face and even the penis (caused by infection either from contact with the hand during urination or from bestiality). It causes a purulent-appearing papule locally and generally no systemic symptoms. ![]() Orf is a zoonotic disease, meaning humans can contract this disorder through direct contact with infected sheep and goats or with fomites carrying the orf virus. A recent outbreak emerged in southwest Ethiopia between October 2019 and May 2020. The disease is endemic in livestock herds worldwide. The vaccine used in sheep to prevent orf is live and has been known to cause disease in humans. It is sometimes necessary to cut them out. Injecting the lesion with cidofovir or applying imiquimod has been tried. Generally, treatment options are limited. Once resolved, a person can still be infected again. One third of cases may develop erythema multiforme. It can occur in humans who handle infected animals or contaminated objects. Sometimes there are swollen lymph glands. There is usually only one lesion, but there may be many, and they are not painful. It may persist for several weeks before crusting and then either resolves or leaves a hard lump. It causes small pustules in the skin of primarily sheep and goats, but can also occur on the hands of humans. Orf is a farmyard pox, a type of zoonosis. Contagious pustular dermatitis, contagious ecthyma, infectious labial dermatitis, ecthyma contagiosum, thistle disease, scabby mouth Ī thumb with two denuded orf lesions, following a bite by a sheep ![]()
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